Abstract
We investigated the effects of materials and the film thickness of hole transport layers (HTLs) on inverted type perovskite solar cells using optics-charge transport coupled simulations. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), and the variations in efficiency induced by the film thickness dispersion, were intensively studied, to compare potential HTLs candidates like..... More

Abstract
A Cu composite reinforced by a three-dimensionally interconnected graphene network was synthesized in situ by a simple two-step process utilizing compacted Cu powder (99% purity) as a template for the growth of graphene. Cu composites with different graphene contents were obtained by controlling the processing parameters. The composites were approximated..... More

Abstract
Terbium and dysprosium are rare earth elements which are employed in the manufacture of advanced materials. Separating Tb(III) and Dy(III) is very complicated because their chemical properties are similar. In order to develop a separation process based on solvent extraction, extraction and scrubbing experiments were conducted using weak hydrochloric solutions..... More

Abstract
Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) behavior was analyzed for gas metal arc (GMA) and laser beam (LB) welds on American Petroleum Institute (API) X65 steel. The GMA welds consisted of acicular ferrite (AF) with some widmanstatten ferrite (WF), while the LB welds had bainitic ferrite (BF) with some AF. The welds and..... More

Abstract
An explosively formed penetrator (EFP) is a kind of kinetic energy warhead that contains a metal linear structure. After exploding, the linear structure in the EFP is deformed and hits the target as a form of aero-stable long-rod penetrator. To achieve high penetration performance, Ta is commonly used as the..... More

Abstract
The evolution of microstructure and mechanical characteristics during the rejuvenation of a hot gas pass component of a gas turbine was investigated with an actual service-exposed bucket in a power plant. Heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing processes were conducted to rejuvenate a hot gas pass component of a F..... More

Abstract
In this work, the angular distribution of the sputtered Cu flux in a long throw sputtering (LTS) system is extracted from the comparison of experimentally-measured profiles of deposited films with simulated profiles of films in overhang contact structure. And effects of the sputtering process parameters such as Ar pressure during..... More

Abstract
In this study, a CuO buffer layer was deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate using a spin coating method, and then a CuO photoelectrode was grown on the CuO buffer layer using a modified-chemical bath deposition (M-CBD) method. We investigated the morphological, structural, optical, electrical and photoelectrochemical properties..... More

Abstract
In this study, the post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of martensitic 10Cr steel was evaluated. The specimens taken from the 10Cr steel were thermally cycled using a Gleeble to simulate HAZ 1 (δ-ferrite) and HAZ 2 (single phase, γ). HAZ 2 had martensite..... More

Abstract
Alloy design of 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb weld metals was carried out through thermodynamic simulation, and elevated temperature tensile testing was performed on the designed alloy. Based on the thermodynamic simulation of the 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb weld metal, 0.09 to 0.10 wt% C was added to increase Cr-rich M₂₃C₆. Nitrogen was reduced from 0.04 to..... More

Abstract
We demonstrate a synthetic route to high-quality Sn microcrystals using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a hydrogen-reducing atmosphere. During thermal CVD with SnO2 powder, a mixture of Ar and H2 (4%) gases was used as a carrier gas to maintain a hydrogen reduction environment. Hydrogen maintained a reduction environment..... More

Abstract
A study on shape optimization of a hot-stamped automotive door impact beam for lightweight design and improved crash performance was conducted using a static collision analysis based on FMVSS 214. An integral type one-piece door impact beam of bracket parts and pipe was realized using hot stamping technology. The method..... More

Abstract
During biomass combustion for renewable energy generation, combustion byproducts such as fly ash and metal chlorides cause serious erosion problems in boilers, as well as corrosion. To develop a highly wear-resistant composition of alloy for biomass boilers, we investigated how the addition of various metallic elements to BCC-Fe affected its..... More

Abstract
The incomplete elimination of oxide scale formed during the normalizing process can result in severe degradation of the surface and mechanical properties of ultra-strong steels. This study revealed that the formation of oxide scale was highly dependent upon the alloying elements Ni and Cu. Ni-bearing steel showed a much higher..... More

Abstract
Tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4S13 has low lattice thermal conductivity because of the lone-pair electrons of Sb, which cause the Cu atoms to vibrate at a low frequency and high amplitude. When the Cu atoms of Cu12Sb4S13 are partially substituted with a transition metal, changes in the Cu vibrations can intensify phonon scattering,..... More

Abstract
Aluminum nitride (AlN) has several attractive properties including high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of Si and low density. Accordingly, it is considered a promising packing material and substrate for high power integrated circuits. However, its low fracture toughness at room temperature limits..... More

Abstract
In this study, Binderless-WC hard materials were fabricated using the pulsed current activated sintering (PCAS) process for a Friction Stir Welding tool and difficult-to-cut tool application. Tungsten carbide (WC) hard materials are used in various industries and possess a superior hardness compared to other hard materials. They have particularly high..... More

Abstract
This study investigated the microstructure and compressive properties (at room & high temperatures) of Fe-Cr-Ni based AISI 316L alloy, manufactured by selective laser melting process. The effect of stress relieving heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties also examined. Regardless of the stress relieving heat treatment, the SLMed AISI..... More

Abstract
This study is concerned with the influence of strain rate on the plastic deformation behavior and microstructure variables of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet. The tensile properties were measured at room temperature at a strain rate of 0.001 and 100 s–1 using a universal tensile testing machine and servo-hydraulic high-speed tensile..... More

Abstract
Higher manganese silicides (HMSs) MnSi1.74-1.75:Gem (m = 0.01–0.04) were prepared by solid-state reaction and hot pressing. The major phases of the HMSs were Mn27Si47 or Mn4Si7, and a small quantity of Si remained, but the intermetallic compound MnSi was not formed. The lattice constant increased with the substitution of Ge..... More

Abstract
ASTM P91 steel (viz. 9Cr-1Mo steel) was hot-dip aluminized to form a ~70 μm thick coating, and was then corroded in N2/0.1%H2S gas for 50 h at 800 and 900 ºC, to study the effect of aluminizing on the corrosion resistance of P91 steel in highly corrosive H2S environments. Before..... More

Abstract
The hot stamping process is beneficial for fabricating high strength automotive parts without spring back. To suppress high temperature oxidation and decarburization, it is necessary to coat the hot stamping steel. In the present work, the performance of galvannealed coated (GA) hot stamped steel was evaluated. During cyclic corrosion tests,..... More

Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of Al-Si cast alloys from microstructural images, using image recognition and machine learning. Binary Al-Si alloys of Si = 1~10 wt% were cast and prepared as reference images in the dataset used for machine learning. The machine learning procedure was constructed with..... More

Abstract
In the present work, MgH2 was doped with Zn(BH4)2, Ni, and/or Ti to improve its hydrogen absorption and release features. Samples were prepared by grinding in a planetary ball mill in a hydrogen atmosphere. To increase the hydrogen absorption and release rates without significantly sacrificing hydrogenstorage capacity the additive percentages..... More

Abstract
This study investigated and compared the tensile and high-cycle fatigue properties of AISI 1045 steel and Cr electroplated AISI 1045 steel. First, tensile and fatigue specimens were machined from AISI 1045 steel (substrate), and two kinds of Cr electroplating layers with different layer thickness were applied. The substrate, AISI 1045..... More

Abstract
In micro/nano electro-mechanical system, silicon nitride (SiNx) membrane has been widely used in sensors, energy harvesting and optical filters because of its mechanical/chemical stability. However, it is necessary to verify mechanical and thermal properties of nanoscale SiNx membranes to ensure the desirable reliability and durability of a device because the..... More

Abstract
The compression process is one of the more widely used industrial manufacturing methods for fabricating desired shape of specimens with various materials such as metals and ceramics. In the compaction process, the upper punch moves into the powder, and force is transmitted between particles, then achieving densification. In this process,..... More

Abstract
As energy generation by recycling biomass has become increasingly attractive, research on biomass recycling has focused on improving operational efficiency. To develop a new material composition for the inner wall of a biomass boiler, we investigated the effect of Cr and Ni addition on the resistance of the α-iron (100)..... More

Abstract
The critical role of the thicknesses of the top and bottom oxide layers, as well as Ag layer, in ZnO/Ag/ZnO transparent conductive electrodes were investigated. The Ag forms a nearly continuous layer at the thickness of 8 nm, at which the Ag sheet resistance of 8.0 Ω/Sq. is lower than..... More

Abstract
Memristors have been extensively investigated as the fourth fundamental circuit element. Titanium oxide is a common material used to fabricate memristors. In this paper, we investigated the influence of the thickness of the oxide active layer on the Al/TiO2-x/TiO2/heavily doped electrode memristor architecture. An insulating TiO2 thin-film was deposited using..... More